The intersection of marijuana use and firearm ownership creates a complex legal and cognitive challenge for concealed carry. While marijuana use has been legalized in many states for medical and recreational purposes, it remains illegal under federal law. This creates significant concerns for those who want to exercise their Second Amendment rights while complying with the law. In addition to legal implications, marijuana use can also impair cognitive function, raising questions about the safety of carrying a lethal weapon under its influence.
In this post, we will explore the legal ramifications of marijuana use for gun owners, how marijuana affects cognitive function, and why it’s essential to have a clear mind when carrying a firearm.
Concealed Carry Legal Risks: Federal Law vs. State Legalization
Despite state-level legalization, marijuana remains classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law. This discrepancy creates legal risks for firearm owners. According to the US Concealed Carry Association (USCCA), federal law prohibits individuals who use marijuana—whether for medical or recreational purposes—from purchasing or possessing firearms. The ATF enforces this prohibition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), which disqualifies anyone who is an “unlawful user” of controlled substances from owning firearms.
Even in states where marijuana use is legal, such as California, Colorado, or New York, federal law takes precedence. This means that marijuana users, even those in legal states, are prohibited from purchasing firearms. If you answer “no” to the question about unlawful drug use on ATF Form 4473 and are found to be using marijuana, you could face serious legal consequences, including felony charges for making a false statement on a federal form.
For more detailed information on the legal challenges between marijuana legalization and firearm ownership, read the USCCA article on Marijuana and Guns: Legal Ramifications.
Cognitive Impairment: The Effect of Marijuana on Decision-Making
Beyond the legal implications, marijuana can significantly impair cognitive functions that are essential for safe firearm handling. Marijuana has been shown to affect memory, attention, and decision-making abilities—skills crucial when carrying and using a firearm. These impairments could hinder your ability to assess threats accurately, make quick decisions, and respond appropriately in high-stress situations.
In fact, a CNN article published in April 2025 highlights research that shows marijuana use may contribute to cognitive decline, particularly in older adults. The study, which focuses on the connection between marijuana and dementia, shows that regular marijuana use can lead to diminished cognitive function, making it more challenging to react quickly and appropriately in potentially life-threatening situations. Read more about the cognitive impacts of marijuana here.
For concealed carry, this means that using marijuana—even in legal states—can compromise your ability to respond effectively during a high-stress situation, such as a self-defense encounter. A clear mind is essential for making life-or-death decisions, and marijuana impairs that clarity.
The ATF Form 4473 and Marijuana Use
When purchasing a firearm from a Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer, prospective buyers are required to complete ATF Form 4473. The form includes a question about unlawful drug use, specifically asking whether the individual is an unlawful user of marijuana. Under federal law, anyone who uses marijuana—even in states where it is legal—is prohibited from purchasing firearms.
Answering “no” to the question while being a marijuana user is considered a felony under federal law. This is a significant issue for concealed carriers, as even if you use marijuana legally under state law, answering incorrectly on Form 4473 could lead to serious criminal charges.
Why Mental Clarity is Essential When Carrying a Firearm
Carrying a firearm is a serious responsibility that requires mental clarity, sound judgment, and the ability to make quick, informed decisions. Being under the influence of marijuana impairs these capabilities, which can have dangerous consequences when carrying a lethal weapon.
Whether you are responding to a potential threat or interacting with law enforcement, it is critical that you are fully aware of your surroundings and able to make snap decisions with confidence. If marijuana impairs your ability to do this, it significantly increases the risk of accidents or misjudgments that could endanger you and others.
For more on how to stay mentally prepared while carrying a concealed weapon, read our post on how to handle police encounters while carrying a concealed firearm or learn more about top 5 concealed carry myths in New York.
Conclusion
When it comes to firearm safety and responsibility, having a clear mind is essential. The legal risks associated with marijuana use for firearm owners are significant and could lead to felony charges if federal law is violated. Additionally, marijuana impairs cognitive function, which can hinder your ability to make life-or-death decisions in critical moments.
As a concealed carrier, it’s important to remain aware of both the legal and cognitive implications of marijuana use and make informed decisions about when and if you should carry a firearm. If you are seeking to obtain your concealed carry license or need training, contact us at NY Safe Inc. for professional training programs that emphasize mental preparedness and responsible firearm ownership.
Legal Disclaimer
The information provided in this blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Laws regarding marijuana use and firearm possession can vary by state and locality and are subject to change. Always consult with a qualified attorney or local law enforcement for specific guidance on the legalities surrounding marijuana use and firearm possession in your area. NY Safe Inc. is not responsible for any legal outcomes based on the information provided.
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